Exit Rights Index (ER-I)

The ER-I measures the degree to which, in six issue areas (marriage, divorce, maintenance, custody, testate, and intestate succession), individual Muslims are allowed to exit the religious jurisdiction and opt for civil laws that uniformly apply to all citizens regardless of religion.

ER-I, as the MFL-I, covers the same period and assigns each national MFL system a country-year score from the year of independence through 2016. Scores range from 0 to 100. Higher scores mean more exit rights. For instance, an MFL system where a marrying (or divorcing) Muslim couple can freely choose between civil law and the MFL will rank higher on the index than a system where the MFL mandatorily applies to all Muslims. Put another way, an MFL system where individuals are mandatorily subject to MFL in all six issue areas will earn a score of “zero,” while a system where people can freely choose between MFL and civil laws for all their family matters will get a perfect score of 100.   

The following formula was used to calculate and normalize the sub-index score:

ER-I: (Sum of individual scores to questions 8-13 on the scorecard)/ 12 x 100

 

Exit Rights Index (1946-2016)

Due to space limitations, only decennial data is presented below. The full country/year dataset can be downloaded here. The ER-I values in the table are for the current year alone (not average values).  

  1946 1956 1966 1976 1986 1996 2006 2016
Afghanistan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Algeria     0 0 0 0 0 0
Bangladesh       0 0 0 0 0
Cameroon     67 75 75 75 75 75
Egypt 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Eritrea           58 58 58
Ethiopia 0 0 67 67 67 67 67 67
Ghana     83 83 100 100 100 100
Greece 0 0 0 0 42 42 42 42
India   58 58 67 67 67 67 67
Indonesia 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 0
Iran 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Iraq 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Israel   0 33 33 33 33 50 50
Jordan 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Kenya     17 17 50 17 33 33
Kuwait     0 0 0 0 0 0
Lebanon 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Libya   0 0 0 0 0 0 0*
Malaysia     0 0 0 0 0 0
Mali     67 67 67 67 67 100
Mauritania     0 0 0 0 0 0
Morocco   0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Myanmar   0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Niger     58 58 58 58 58 58
Nigeria     58 58 58 58 58 58
Oman       0 0 0 0 0
Pakistan   0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Philippines         50 50 50 50
Saudi Arabia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Senegal     0 100 100 100 100 100
Sierra Leone     58 58 58 58 58 58
Singapore     17 0 0 0 17 17
Somalia     0 33 33 0 0 0
Sri Lanka   17 17 17 17 17 17 17
Sudan   0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Syria 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Tanzania     33 83 83 83 83 83
Thailand 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Tunisia   0 0 0 0 0 0 0
UAE       0 0 0 0 0
Uganda     0 33 33 33 33 33
Yemen     0 0 0 0 0 0

*2011, the last year for which data is available for Libya